イソハゼ属（イソハゼぞく、学名：Eviota）は、ハゼ科の下位分類群の1つ。インド太平洋に広く分布し、岩礁やサンゴ礁などに生息する。小型で、体色が透明に近い種が含まれる。
分類と名称 本属は1903年にOliver Peebles Jenkinsによって設立され、タイプ種は Eviota epiphanes であった。属名はギリシア語の「eu (非常に)」をラテン語化した「ev」と、「iota (微小)」を組み合わせたもので、体が非常に小さいことを示している。
分類 本属には以下の種が分類される。分類はCatalog of Fishes、英名はFishBaseに従う。
イソハゼ (Jordan & Snyder, 1901) (Sand-table dwarfgoby) シマミドリハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Afele's dwarfgoby) Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (White-line dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann, 2014 (Upwelling dwarfgoby) アマミコイソハゼ Fujiwara, Suzuki & Motomura, 2019 (Amamiko dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann, 2020 (Twinpore dwarfgoby) ボンボリイソハゼ Greenfield & Suzuki, 2011 (Hookcheek dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann, 2020 (Whiteline dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2014 (Dark dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2016 (Inconsistent dwarfgoby) Erdmann, Greenfield & Tornabene, 2023 (Atauro dwarfgoby) シロオビイソハゼ Greenfield & Suzuki, 2012 (Blackbelly dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Erdmann & Teitelbaum, 2024 (Pearl dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Erdmann & Ichida, 2025 (Beautiful dwarfgoby) オヨギイソハゼ Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Twostripe dwarfgoby) Chen, Shen & Chang 2025 Erdmann, Greenfield & Ichida 2025 Greenfield & Suzuki, 2016 (Crescent dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Twin-occipital dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2016 (Variable dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Tornabene, 2014 (Brahm's dwarfgoby) Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Comet dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Gordon, 2019 (Amirante dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013 (Diminutive dwarfgoby) Karnella & Lachner, 1981 (Brokenbar dwarfgoby) コビトイソハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Twospot dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013 (Dorsal-spot dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2011 (Creamback dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2011 (Purple dwarfgoby) Jenkins, 1903 (Divine dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2014 (Twinspot dwarfgoby) Tornabene & Greenfield, 2016 (Erdmann's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2016 (Eyre's dwarfgoby) オオゴチョウイソハゼ Greenfield & Allen, 2012 (Twin dwarfgoby) トラノコイソハゼ Karnella & Lachner, 1981 (Barred dwarfgoby) イトヒキイソハゼ Suzuki & Greenfield, 2014 (Threadfin dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann, 2021 (Yellow-shoulder dwarfgoby) キビレイソハゼ Suzuki & Greenfield & Motomura, 2015 (Yellowfin dwarfgoby) シズクイソハゼ Greenfield, Suzuki & Shibukawa, 2014 (Tearful dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Erdmann & Mambrasar, 2023 (Surge Dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Bogorodsky, 2014 (Geminate dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Tornabene & Erdmann, 2019 (Tiene's dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1978 (Spotted dwarfgoby) マメイソハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Herre's dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013 (Hinano's dwarfgoby) Gill & Jewett, 2004 (Hoese's dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Tornabene & Erdmann 2017 (Imitator dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Indian dwarfgoby) スミツキイソハゼ (Smith, 1957) (Shouldermark dwarfgoby) Whitley, 1943 (Chestspot dwarfgoby) Karnella & Lachner, 1981 (Unpolished dwarfgoby) ミナミイソハゼ Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Japanese dwarfgoby) Greenfield & R. Winterbottom, 2012 (Jewett's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2010 (Eastern headspot dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Brooks & Erdmann 2026 Hoese & Stewart, 2012 (Kermadec dwarfgoby) シボリイソハゼ Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2005 (Korechika's dwarfgoby) フタボシイソハゼ Giltay, 1933 (Lachdebere's dwarfgoby) ヤミイソハゼ Sunobe, 1988 (Teared dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Ahmadia & Williams, 2013 (Weeping dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016 (Laterite dwarfgoby) オビイソハゼ Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Brownbanded dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall 2017 (Frecked dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Greenfield & Erdmann 2021 (Long-snout dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016 (Spotted-dick dwarfgoby) ミツバイソハゼ Greenfield, Tornabene & Erdmann 2018 (Polkadot dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Greenfield & Erdmann 2021 (Red Sea dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Mark V. Erdmann, 2020 (Red star-eye dwarfgoby) アカイソハゼ Matsuura & Senou, 2006 (Masuda's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2016 (Wedge dwarfgoby) アカホシイソハゼ Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Headspot dwarfgoby) Allen, 2001 (Miki's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2016 (Mimic dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2014 (Minute dwarfgoby) Fourmanoir, 1971 (Singlespot dwarfgoby) Allen, 2007 (Christmas dwarfgoby) Smith, 1958 (Nebulous dwarfgoby) コメツブイソハゼ Greenfield & Suzuki, 2013 (Blackbar dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Blackfin dwarfgoby) ナデシコイソハゼ Greenfield & Suzuki, 2010 (Blackspine dwarfgoby) ソメワケイソハゼ Giltay, 1933 (Redbelly dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2012 (Barhead dwarfgoby) キジムナーイソハゼ Greenfield, Winterbottom & Suzuki, 2014 (Sunset dwarfgoby) ウラウチイソハゼ Shibukawa & Suzuki, 2005 (Ocellated dwarfgoby) ニセクロスジイソハゼ Tornabene, Greenfield & Erdmann 2021 (False-comet dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Bogorodsky, 2014 (Pepperminteye dwarfgoby) Allen, Brooks & Erdmann, 2013 (Pam's dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1978 (Leopard dwarfgoby) オモナガフタボシイソハゼ Randall, 2008 (Dividedspot dwarfgoby) コジカイソハゼ Larson, 1976 (Transparent dwarfgoby) ホデリイソハゼ Fujiwara, Suzuki & Motomura 2019 (Glasses dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann 2017 (Paintedface dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2012 (Pinocchio dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2014 (Peppered dwarfgoby) ナンヨウミドリハゼ (Klunzinger, 1871) (Greenbubble dwarfgoby) アオイソハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Hairfin dwarfgoby) Winterbottom & Greenfield, 2020 (False sunny dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (False singlespot dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Greenfield & Erdmann 2021 (Fijian zebra dwarfgoby) Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Dotted dwarfgoby) Tornabene, Valdez & Erdmann, 2016 (Punyit dwarfgoby) ホシヒレイソハゼ Whitley, 1932 (Queensland dwarfgoby) Allen, 2001 (Raja dwarfgoby) Greenfield, 2009 (Randall's dwarfgoby) Gill & Jewett, 2004 (Reader's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2016 (Rick's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 1999 (Red dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2011 (Redhead dwarfgoby) ハナビイソハゼ Greenfield & Suzuki, 2011 (Redspotfin dwarfgoby) ザクロイソハゼ Suzuki, Greenfield & Motomura, 2015 (Redspot dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2010 (Redspeckled dwarfgoby) Shen, Hung & Chen, 2024 ムスジイソハゼ Fowler, 1945 (Saipan dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Erdmann & Putra 2025 Greenfield & Erdmann, 2013 (Santana's dwarfgoby) クロスジイソハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Sebree's dwarfgoby) アカバナイソハゼ Suzuki & Greenfield, 2014 (Shibukawa's dwarfgoby) ハナグロイソハゼ Greenfield & Randall, 2010 (Shimada's dwarfgoby) Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Adorned dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016 (One-spot dwarfgoby) クロホシイソハゼ Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Emerald dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Winterbottom, 2016 (Sodwana dwarfgoby) Jewett & Lachner, 1983 (Speckled dwarfgoby) クマドリイソハゼ Greenfield, Suzuki & Shibukawa, 2014 (Dusted dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Spottedfin dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Jewett, 2012 (Springer's dwarfgoby) キンホシイソハゼ (Rofen, 1959) (Storthynx dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 1999 (Susan's dwarfgoby) Erdmann, Greenfield & Tornabene, 2023 (Taei's dwarfgoby) シロイソハゼ Greenfield & Randall, 2016 (Terry's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Erdmann, 2014 (Tetha's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2016 (Thaman's dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2008 (Tiger dwarfgoby) ミドリハゼ Greenfield & Randall, 2010 (Toshiyuki's dwarfgoby) Greenfield, Erdmann & Ishida 2025 (Black dwarfgoby) Lachner & Karnella, 1980 (Finspot dwarfgoby) Greenfield & Randall, 2010 (Winterbottom's dwarfgoby) オスジイソハゼ Lachner & Karnella, 1978 (Zebra dwarfgoby) Jordan & Seale, 1906 (Zoned dwarfgoby)
形態 小型のハゼであり、体長は35mm以下。体型は側扁した円筒形で、鼻管は長い。体は透明に近く、様々な色の模様が入る『新版 日本のハゼ』160頁。胸鰭軟条が分枝するグループとしないグループがあり、脊椎の数が異なる池田祐二 (2018)「イソハゼ属」中坊徹次(編/監修)『小学館の図鑑Z 日本魚類館』p.420、小学館、。。
分布と生息地 西はアフリカから東はピトケアン諸島まで、北は日本から南はオーストラリアまで、インド太平洋に広く分布する。多くの種はサンゴ礁に生息し、岩礁や河口でも見られる。岩やサンゴの隙間、サンゴの枝の上、サンゴ礁付近の砂地や砂泥底などで見られる。
生態 多くの種で寿命は短く、熱帯では三週間半で生活環が一周する。一部の種は雌雄同体である。の触手の中で他の生物と共生する種もいる。
出典
参考文献 瀬能宏・矢野維幾・鈴木寿之・渋川浩一『新版 日本のハゼ』平凡社 2021年 ISBN 978-4-582-54261-5
関連項目 海水魚 魚の一覧